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AE - Arithmetic Encoding

By: Christine Martz

Meaning of AE – “Arithmetic Encoding”, is data compression method that converts strings of data a real number in an interval from one to zero. It is a variable length coding based on the frequency of each character.

In arithmetic encoding you have a probability line of 0-1 and assign a range in this line based on its probability to every symbol. The higher the probability, the higher the range that assigns to it. Arithmetic encoding is a fundamental element of video compression and is used in MPEG-4 visual coding.

Other Related Definitions:

“…Over the last decade, arithmetic coding has emerged as an important compression tool. It is now the method of choice for adaptive coding on multi-symbol alphabets because of its speed, low storage requirements, and efficiency of compression.” [The University of Melbourne]

“…Most of the data compression methods in common use today fall into one of two camps: dictionary based schemes and statistical methods. In the world of small systems, dictionary based data compression techniques seem to be more popular at this time. However, by combining arithmetic coding with powerful modeling techniques, statistical methods for data compression can actually achieve better performance.” [Mark Nelson - Dogma.net]

“…Arithmetic coding, is entropy coder widely used, the only problem is it's speed, but compression tends to be better than Huffman can achieve. ” [Arturo San Emeterio Campos]

“…So far, this makes Arithmetic Coding sound very similar to Huffman coding. However, there is an important difference. An arithmetic encoder doesn't have to use an integral number of bits to encode a symbol. If the optimal number of bits for a symbol is 2.4, a Huffman coder will probably use 2 bits per symbol, whereas the arithmetic encoder my use very close to 2.4. This means an arithmetic coder can usually encode a message using fewer bits.” [Mark Nelson - DataCompression.info]

Related Links:

Compression Basics - The basics of Data Compression.
The Data Compression Research Center - Overview of Arithmetic Coding.
Arithmetic Coding - A concise explanation of Arithmetic Coding.

Technical Resources:

Arithmetic Coding Revisited - New Floating Point Arithmatic Technique
ECMA standard defintion - Binary Arithmetic Coding Algorithm
Arithmetic Coding Revealed - A guided tour from theory to praxis
Five Cents on Arithmetic Encoding - Learn about a classical arithmetic compression implementation (CACM) optimization.

Products and Solutions:

The Qx-coder

Blogs, News, Feeds, Discussion Lists:

Compression Newsgroup
Compression News Postings

Books About:

Computer Arithmetic Algorithms - by Israel Koren
H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression: Video Coding for Next Generation Multimedia - by Iain E. G. Richardson
The MPEG-4 Book - by Touradj Ebrahimi, Fernando Pereira

See Also:

Other AE Related Resources

 

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